Thioacetamide-Induced acute hepatic encephalopathy in rat: behavioral, biochemical and histological changes

As a serious neuropsychiatric disease, hepatic encephalopathy [HE] is a clinical condition with several types regarding chronicity and clinical diversity that can develop as a complication of both acute and chronic liver failure. This study evaluates changes in thioacetamide [TAA]-induced acute hepatic encephalopathy [AHE] in rat as an animal model. Both genders of C57BL6, BALB/C mice and Sprague Dawley rats; [10 animals in each group] were compared for induction of AHE to clarify which animal and gender were appropriate. The animals [10 male rats in each group] were categorized in 4 groups according to the dose of the TAA administered [200, 300 and 400 mg/kg of TAA at 24 h intervals for 4 days]. A control group was treated with solvent of TAA which was water [5 ml/kg/day]. The behavioral, biochemical markers of hepatic failure and histological aspects of thioacetamide [TAA] induced AHE and the correlation between the clinical severity and liver failure biomarkers were evaluated. Rat was shown to be an animal model of choice for AHE while the optimum dosage of TAA to induce AHE was 300 mg/kg/day at 24 h intervals for 4 days. The behavioral score was partially correlated with the rising of some biomarkers and pathological findings. Rat can be introduced as the animal of choice for AHE to study the pathophysiology, pharmacology and the survival rate of disease in liver transplant patients

healing effect of bioglue in articular cartilage defect of femoral condyle in experimental rabbit model

The full-thickness articular cartilage defects of knee have a poor healing capacity that may progress to osteoarthritis and need a knee replacement. This study determines the healing effect of bioglue in full-thickness articular cartilage defect of femoral condyle in rabbit. Forty-eight male rabbits were randomly divided into four equal groups. In group A, 4 mm articular cartilage defects were created in the right and left medial femoral condyles. Then a graft from xiphoid cartilage was transferred into the defect together with a designed bioglue and the knees were closed. In group B, an articular cartilage defect was created identical to group A, but the defect size was 6 mm. In group C, 4 and 6 mm articular cartilage defects were created in the right and left medial femoral condyles respectively. The graft was transferred into the defect and the knees were stitched. In group D, articular cartilage defects were created similar to group C, just filled with bioglue and closed. The rabbits were euthanized and subgroups were defined as A1, B1, C1 and D1 after 30 days and A2, B2, C2 and D2 after 60 days. The cartilages were macroscopically and histologically investigated for any changes. Microscopic and macroscopic investigations showed that bioglue had a significant healing effect in the femoral condyle. Addition of bioglue can effectively promote the healing of articular cartilage defects

Primary hydatid disease of the ilium: a case report

Bone hydatid disease is endemic in several regions worldwide and lacks a typical clinical appearance and image characteristics; therefore, its diagnosis is very difficult. A 49-year-old rural woman was referred with purulent discharge from sinus tract in the left ilium. X-ray and CT scan showed multiple lytic lesions with cortical destruction. She was scheduled for sequestrectomy with impression of chronic osteomyelitis but destroyed hydatid cysts were detected intraoperatively. Iliac wing excision from the iliac crest to the sacroiliac joint and supraacetabulum area was performed. Pathologic findings were in favor of bone hydatidosis. Postoperatively, albendazole and antibiotics were prescribed

Clinical significance of P-glycoprotein immunohistochemistry and histomorphologic factors in patients with osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is the most frequent highly malignant bone tumor with a peak incidence in the second decade of life. Although survival rate increased up to 60-70% within the last 10 years, the problem of unresponsiveness to chemotherapy remains. In this study, we sought to determine the prognostic significance of P-glycoprotein as a tumor marker for osteosarcoma. In a retrospective study, we correlated P-glycoprotein immunostaining with clinicopathologic and histomorphologic features of the tumor and the patient outcome in 30 cases with primary, non-metastatic, highgrade osteosarcoma who were homogeneously treated. P-glycoprotein positivity was found in 14 of 30 cases and was significantly associated with a higher incidence of adverse events and relapse rate. No relationship was found between p-glycoprotein immunostaining and clinicopathologic features such as age, sex, tumor site, histologic subtype, osteoid content, osteoid pattern, pretreatment necrosis, pleomorphism of the cells, and presence of prominent nucleoli, except for mitotic activity per 10 HPF. P-glycoprotein positivity in immunohistochemistry should be taken into consideration to identify a subgroup of osteosarcoma patients with poor outcome at the time of diagnosis. So it might be an important marker in planning innovative chemotherapeutic regimens